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|combatant2= UNITA FNLA FLEC (1975-89) (1975)〔Perez de Cuellar C. ''Pilgrimage for Peace: A Secretary-General's Memoir'' pp. 325–326〕 |commander1= Agostinho Neto (1975-1979) José Eduardo dos Santos Lúcio Lara Fidel Castro Arnaldo Ochoa (1975-1989)† Leopoldo Cintra Heinz Kessler Vasily Petrov Sam Nujoma |commander2= Jonas Savimbi Holden Roberto Luiz Ranque Franque Balthazar Johannes Vorster (1978-1979) Marais Viljoen (1979-1984) Pieter Willem Botha (1984-1989) Mobutu Sese Seko (1975) |strength1= MPLA troops: *40,000 (1976) – 70,000 (1987)〔("La Guerras Secretas de Fidel Castro" ) (in Spanish). CubaMatinal.com. Retrieved 9 March 2013.〕 *130,000 (2001)〔''Africa South of Sahara 2004'', p. 66.〕 Cuban troops: *35,000 – 37,000 (1982)〔 *60,000 (1988)〔 Soviet troops: *Altogether 11,000 (1975 to 1991) |strength2= UNITA militants: *65,000 (1990, highest) FNLA militants: *22,000 (1975)〔(Angola - Independence Struggle, Civil War, and Intervention ). MongaBay.com.〕 *4,000 – 7,000 (1976)〔''Political terrorism: a new guide to actors, concepts, data bases, theories and literature''.〕 South African troops: *20,000 (1976) |casualties1= ''Unknown'' 2,077–10,000 killed,〔(Secondary Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century ). Necrometrics.com. Retrieved 2012-05-21.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fidel Castro of Africa! - Natna )〕 15,000 dead, wounded or missing 54 killed |casualties2= ''Unknown'' ''Unknown'' 1,791 dead (whole Border War figure)〔https://sites.google.com/site/sabushwarsite/interesting〕 |casualties3=Over 500,000 civilians dead }} The Angolan Civil War ((ポルトガル語:Guerra civil angolana)) was a major civil conflict in the African country of Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with some interludes, until 2002. The war began immediately after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. Prior to this, a decolonisation conflict, the Angolan War of Independence (1961–74), had taken place. The following civil war was essentially a power struggle between two former liberation movements, the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). At the same time, the war served as a surrogate battleground for the Cold War and large-scale direct and indirect international involvement by opposing powers such as the Soviet Union, Cuba, South Africa and the United States was a major feature of the conflict. The MPLA and UNITA had different roots in the Angolan social fabric and mutually incompatible leaderships, despite their shared aim of ending colonial rule. Although both had socialist leanings, for the purpose of mobilising international support they posed as "Marxist–Leninist" and "anti-communist", respectively.〔The MPLA adopted the label "Marxist-Leninist" in 1977, but at the same time eliminated by way of a massacre its wing that wanted it to become communist; the label was then given up again in 1991. UNITA adopted anti-communist rhetoric for reasons of convenience, and also gave it up in 1991.〕 A third movement, the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), having fought the MPLA alongside UNITA during the war for independence and the decolonization conflict, played almost no role in the Civil War. Additionally, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC), an association of separatist militant groups, fought for the independence of the province of Cabinda from Angola. The 27-year war can be divided roughly into three periods of major fighting – from 1975 to 1991, 1992 to 1994, and from 1998 to 2002 – broken up by fragile periods of peace. By the time the MPLA finally achieved victory in 2002, more than 500,000 people had died and over one million had been internally displaced. The war devastated Angola's infrastructure, and severely damaged the nation's public administration, economic enterprises, and religious institutions. The Angolan Civil War was notable due to the combination of Angola's violent internal dynamics and massive foreign intervention. The war became a Cold War struggle, as both the Soviet Union and the United States, along with their respective allies, provided significant military assistance to parties in the conflict. Moreover, the Angolan conflict became entangled with the Second Congo War in the neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as with the Namibian War of Independence. ==Outline of main combatants== Angola's three rebel movements had their roots in the anti-colonial movements of the 1950s.〔 The MPLA was primarily an urban based movement in Luanda and its surrounding area.〔 It was largely composed of Mbundu people. By contrast the other two major anti-colonial movements were rurally based groups, the FNLA and UNITA.〔 The FNLA largely consisted of Bakongo people hailing from Northern Angola. UNITA, an offshoot of the FNLA, was mainly composed of Ovimbundu people from the Central highlands.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Angolan Civil War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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